IRAC is a structure, not a formula. It works when each step does its job.
Issue
State the legal question in one sentence, using the parties’ names: “Can Jamal raise res judicata against Selim’s second suit?” Avoid restating the facts.
Common mistake: listing every fact instead of the question the facts raise.
Rule
State the rule accurately and cite its source — the section, and a case if you know one. Break the rule into its elements.
Common mistake: a vague paraphrase without a section number.
Application
Apply each element to the facts, one at a time. This is where most of the marks are.
Common mistake: jumping from the rule to the conclusion with “therefore” and no analysis.
Conclusion
Answer the question asked. If the outcome is uncertain, say which way it probably goes and why.
Common mistake: ending without a conclusion, or with one that answers a different question.